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:''To be distinguished from Joseph Albo (1380-1435)'' Joseph ben Shem-Tov ibn Shem-Tov (died 1480) was a prolific Judæo-Spanish writer born in Castile. He lived in various cities of Spain: Medina del Campo de Leon (1441); Alcalá de Henares (1451); and Segovia (1454). Though it is not known precisely what office he held at court, he occupied a position which brought him in contact with distinguished Christian scholars. According to the custom of the time, he held public disputations with them in the presence of the court; this probably led him to study the polemical literature of the Jews. In the preface to his commentary on Profiat Duran's ''Al-Tehi ka-Aboteka'', he recounts a disputation with a Christian scholar concerning the doctrine of the Trinity. He seems to have elaborated this disputation and to have used it later in various anti-Christian writings. In 1452 he was sent by the Prince of Asturia, Don Enrique, to Segovia to prevent an outbreak of popular rage at Easter against the Jews. He speaks occasionally in his writings of great sufferings which drove him from place to place, and of passing through a severe illness. Graetz (''Gesch.'' viii. 422) has discovered, from a quotation in Joseph Jaabez's ''Or ha-ayyim'', that Ibn Shem-ob died a martyr. The year of his passing was 1480. Ibn Shem-ob's numerous writings, a list of which was compiled by Munk and supplemented by Beer and Steinschneider, are divisible into (a) independent works and (b) commentaries. ==Original works== *''Hanhagat ha-Bayit'', treatise on economics, written in his youth (see his ''En ha-ore''); nothing further is known concerning it. According to Steinschneider, it may be a revision of Aristotle's ''Economics''. *''En ha-ore'', the only medieval scientific Hebrew homiletical work extant.〔Hermann Zotenberg, "Cat. Hebr. MSS. Paris," No. 325, 2; Neubauer, "Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS." No. 2052, 2.〕 The book is very rich in quotations from both Christian and Islamic authors. It treats systematically of the science of homiletics, defines the limitations of exegesis, and expresses itself in regard to the fundamental aim of Jewish preaching. It contains frequent references to Aristotle's ''Ethics'', Ibn Shem-Ṭob's favorite work. *''Kebod Elohim'', on the summum bonum and the aim of life; written in 1442, printed at Ferrara in 1555. *''Da'at 'Elyon'', a refutation of a fatalistic writing of the baptized Jew Abner of Burgos (Wolf, ''Bibl. Hebr.'' iii.428; the Oppenheim MS. cited by Wolf is no longer to be found in the collection at Oxford).〔''The Rishonim: biographical sketches of the prominent early ...'' ed. Shmuel Teich, Hersh Goldwurm - 1982 p. 113 "these contacts probably prompted him to write a commentary on R' Profiat Duran's Igeres Al Tehi KeAvosecha (Constantinople, ca. 1577) and Daas Elyon, both refutations of Christianity, and to translate the work of R' Chisdai Crescas II, Bitul Ikrei HaNotzrim, from Spanish into Hebrew. R' Yosef composed a commentary on Lamentations, and some interpretations of Torah, which have not been published. He also wrote an unpublished commentary on R' Yedayah HaPenini's Bechinos Olam. In addition, he wrote a book of sermons, He also wrote an unpublished commentary on *R' Yedayah HaPenini's Bechinos Olam. In addition, he wrote a book of sermons, Ein HaKoreh; Sefeikos Belkkarim al Maaseh Yeshu HaNotzri, a critical examination of many Christian dogmas; "〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph ibn Shem-Tov」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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